How did Islam really spread across the world? — credits

Sources for the story

• Qur'an 49:14 (Sahih International): "You have not [yet] believed; but say [instead], 'We have submitted'": outward submission distinguished from faith.
• Qur'an 2:256 (Sahih International): "There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion" (the verse's opening); revealed in Medina (Sunan Abi Dawud 2682, sahih, al-Albani).
• Sahih al-Bukhari 3660 (Sahih): at first the believers were a handful; Sahih al-Bukhari 3612 (Sahih): the persecution in Mecca.
• Musnad Ahmad 1740 (isnad hasan, al-Arna'ut; jayyid, al-Albani), Umm Salama (ra): the Negus wept at the opening of Surat Maryam and declared the refugees safe; al-Waqidi via Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat 1/172-173: the crossing in two merchant ships.
• Sahih al-Bukhari 3925 (Sahih), al-Bara' (ra): Mus'ab ibn Umayr (ra) and Ibn Umm Maktum (ra) came first, teaching people the Qur'an.
• Ibn Ishaq, in Ibn Hisham, al-Sira 1/431-438 (sira report): the First Aqaba pledge; Mus'ab's "Will you sit and listen?"; the planted spear; a clan Muslim by evening; clans that held out unforced.
• Musnad Ahmad 14456 (isnad sahih, al-Arna'ut), Jabir (ra): a man returned to his family and they accepted Islam through him.
• Sahih al-Bukhari 2731 and Sunan Abi Dawud 2766 (Hasan, al-Albani): the Hudaybiyyah truce and its term; al-Zuhri's judgement, in Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya 4/382-383 (a historian's assessment, not a hadith).
• Sahih al-Bukhari 4302 (Sahih), 'Amr ibn Salima (ra): the tribes waited, then "every tribe rushed to embrace Islam"; Sahih Muslim 1780a: Mecca taken mostly without fighting; Ibn Ishaq (al-Bidaya 5/40): many knew they could no longer fight.
• Musnad Ahmad 16957 (isnad sahih, al-Arna'ut; sahih, al-Albani, al-Silsila al-Sahiha no. 3; al-Hakim 8326 with al-Dhahabi), Tamim al-Dari (ra): the bookend hadith (an excerpt, through "the humiliation of one humbled"), and Tamim's own explanation from his family.
• al-Baladhuri, Futuh al-Buldan; Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya 7/85, 7/105: Yarmuk (636) and Nahavand (c. 642); Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam, Futuh Misr 1/113-114: Egypt 639-642.
• John of Nikiu, Chronicle, trans. R. H. Charles (1916), CXVIII.8, CXXI.3-10: a hostile Coptic witness (c. 690) to killings and crushing taxes, to Amr ibn al-As (ra) taking none of the churches' property, and to Egyptians embracing Islam.
• Hugh Kennedy, "Was Islam Spread by the Sword?" (Yale, 2008): conquest in a couple of decades and about three centuries to a Muslim majority in the central Middle East; forcing conversion "out of the question"; the fiscal incentives; "Islam was not spread by the sword but without the sword it would not have spread." Fred Donner, The Islamic Conquests (2005), as the second source.
• Sahih Muslim 1731a; Sahih al-Bukhari 3156-3157; Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam, Futuh Misr 1/177-178; Sahner, Christian Martyrs under Islam (2018): the dhimma, the jizya and its exemptions, Umar's (ra) seals of lead, later restrictions.
• Ibn Qudama, al-Mughni 9/23: most jurists held a forced conversion of a protected Jew or Christian void (al-Shaybani and al-Jassas dissenting); al-Tabari, Ibn Kathir and others on the readings of 2:256.
• al-Tabari, Tarikh 6/381: al-Hajjaj sent converts back to their villages; al-Maqrizi, al-Khitat 1/147: Hayyan ibn Shurayh's borrowed 20,000 dinars; Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqat 5/384: Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's letter, "a caller, not a tax-collector" (a caliph's letter, not a hadith).
• Richard W. Bulliet, Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period (Harvard, 1979): the S-curve of Muslim names and the estimate for Iran by about 950 (urban, recorded converts).
• Ira Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies (2nd ed., 2002): most conversions voluntary; motives mixed (paraphrased).
• Ibn Jubayr, Rihla p. 42 (1183): sewn ships, "not a single nail"; Krahl et al. (eds.), Shipwrecked (Smithsonian, 2010): the Belitung wreck and its bowl dated 826.
• Akhbar al-Sin wa'l-Hind (851), in Rihlat al-Sirafi 1/22-29: the sea route and the Muslim judge in Guangzhou; Ibn Battuta, Rihla 4/27-36 and Ma Huan, Yingya Shenglan: Calicut's Muslims under a Hindu king.
• Ibn Battuta, Rihla 4/62-63: the Maldivian conversion as the islanders told it; Jost Gippert, WZKS 48 (2004): the Isdhoo copper plates of the 1190s.
• Marco Polo, trans. Yule and Cordier (1903) Bk 3 ch. 9: "the townspeople only"; Ricklefs, A History of Modern Indonesia (2008): the 1297 gravestone; Anthony Reid, "The Islamization of Southeast Asia" (1984) pp. 23-28: trade, intermarriage, port rivalry and Demak's wars.
• al-Bakri, al-Masalik wa'l-Mamalik §1455-1464 (1068, from informants): Ghana's two towns and Muslim ministers; the king of Malal.
• al-'Umari, Masalik al-Absar 4/109-126: Mansa Musa's gold in Cairo, the goldfields left in their religion, Mali's raids; Ibn Battuta, Rihla 4/276-277: enslaved people on the return caravan.
• Nehemia Levtzion, "Islam in Africa to 1800", Oxford History of Islam (1999): merchants carried Islam, clerics and courts made people Muslim (paraphrased).
• Ibn Fadlan, Risala pp. 37, 80-81: Almish's letter of 921 and the Khazars; Ibn Miskawayh, Tajarib al-Umam 6/222-223: about 200,000 tents of Turks (960).
• Peter Jackson, The Mongols and the Islamic World (Yale, 2017); Ibn Taghribirdi, al-Nujum; Ibn Hajar, al-Durar al-Kamina 3/212-213; al-'Ayni, 'Iqd al-Juman; al-Birzali, Tarikh 5/47-49: Baghdad 1258, Berke, Ghazan's conversion and its politics, Ozbeg.
• Richard M. Eaton, "Approaches to the Study of Conversion to Islam in India" (1985) pp. 107-119 and The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier (1993): the inverse relationship, the Bengal delta frontier, the Sials, "a religion of the plough".
• al-Biruni, Tahqiq ma li'l-Hind 1/19-20, trans. Sachau (1910) 1:22: Mahmud's raids and "the most inveterate aversion"; al-Hasani, Nuzhat al-Khawatir 3/236 (citing Firishta): Sultan Sikandar in Kashmir.
• al-Marrakushi, al-Mu'jib; Ibn al-Jawzi, al-Muntazam 15/61-62; Ménage, "Devshirme", EI2: the Almohads, al-Hakim and the devshirme as forced conversion.
• Pew Research Center, How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 (2025): Indonesia's figure; growth from young populations; switching into and out of Islam uncommon.

Out of respect, the Prophet ﷺ is never depicted, and people are shown only from behind. No music; no recitation; the Qur'an appears as written text only.

Made with

• Narration: Google Gemini 3.8 Flash TTS (voice “Algieba”), directed and edited for this film.
• Illustrations: Google Gemini 3.1 Flash Image (backgrounds) and OpenAI GPT Image 2.5 (cut-outs), art-directed and reviewed frame by frame.
• Typefaces (SIL Open Font License): Caveat Brush, Caveat, Patrick Hand, Aref Ruqaa.
• Animation engine, sound design and mix: written for this series.

Sound

No music is used. All sound effects are CC0 unless noted.

• amb_basra_reeds_dusk — River with Reeds in Wind (Freesound) by The_25_Times, CC0 1.0; Crickets At Night - Raw sound + Wind singing in the mountain (Freesound, via house amb_night) by Defelozedd94 + felix.blume, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #808211_river_reeds_wind 200-252 s, highpass=f=260: poles=2, highpass=f=260: poles=2, lowpass=f=7000: poles=2, equalizer=f=234: t=q: w=5: g=-20; amb_night.wav 0-20 s, equalizer=f=234: t=q: w=5: g=-20, -12 dB. reed beds at dusk (808211, high-passed twice) + crickets coming up (house amb_night); 48 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -26 LUFS
• amb_creek_flowing — WATRFlow-Ext_Small FLowing Creek_HvD_OwSFX_Loop (Freesound) by Hano_van_Dalen, CC0 1.0. Edits: source 10.0-70.0 s; highpass=f=60:poles=2; small flowing creek (the full wadi river); 40 s seamless loop, -24 LUFS; 48k/16-bit
• amb_desert_dusk_wind — #666175 "Wind in dry tall grass bulrush type, close recording with muffled air sometimes, gust of wind, far away tree, recorded in Arivaca Road desert in Arizona" by felix.blume, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 92.0-114.5 s; HPF 100 Hz; 20 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -26 LUFS
• amb_desert_wind_gentle — Looping Gentle Wind Ambience on an Open Desert Plain.wav (Freesound) by dhallcomposer, CC0 1.0. Edits: source 2.0-38.0 s; highpass=f=50:poles=2; gentle dry wind on an open desert plain (Hijaz wadi, dusk); 30 s seamless loop, -24 LUFS; 48k/16-bit
• amb_harbour_old — Harbour in a small village (Freesound) by frodeims, CC0 1.0; R23-36-Water Against Wooden Boat.wav (Freesound) by craigsmith, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #611593_harbour_village1 0.5-28.5 s, highpass=f=100: poles=2, equalizer=f=126: t=q: w=5: g=-20, equalizer=f=252: t=q: w=5: g=-20, equalizer=f=375: t=q: w=5: g=-20; #480838_water_wood_boat 0-24 s, highpass=f=90: poles=2, equalizer=f=126: t=q: w=5: g=-20, equalizer=f=252: t=q: w=5: g=-20, equalizer=f=378: t=q: w=5: g=-20, -10 dB. small harbour by day: water lapping, far gulls (611593, the stretch before any voices or horn) + timber creaks (480838); 26 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -24 LUFS
• amb_harrah_noon_wind — #457159 "Desert binaural Wind.WAV" by Benbojangles, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 692.00-756.00 s (steadiest stretch); HPF 60 Hz + 130 Hz (removes traffic-like mic rumble); -26 LUFS, 2 s fade-in/3 s fade-out (not a seamless loop)
• amb_jm_lane_quiet — #653946 "Quiet breeze with bird singing softly, insect noises, a horse neighs far sometimes" by felix.blume, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 25.0-49.0 s (no horse/insect buzz in this window); HPF 150 Hz x2; 22 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -24 LUFS
• amb_malabar_surf — Ocean Surf on Martha's Vineyard (Freesound) by Filmscore, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #825410_ocean_surf 2-64 s, highpass=f=150: poles=2, lowpass=f=7000: poles=2. Malabar surf on the shore (825410, high-passed to remove mic buffeting); 60 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -24 LUFS
• amb_monsoon_leaves — Rain on leaves (Freesound) by SamsterBirdies, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #584272_rain_leaves 0-49.5 s, highpass=f=100: poles=2. monsoon rain on broad leaves (584272); 47 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -24 LUFS
• amb_night — #522299 "Crickets At Night - Raw sound" by Defelozedd94, CC0 1.0; #165526 "Wind singing in the mountain, some night cricket in background" by felix.blume, CC0 1.0. Edits: mixed 55/45 (RMS matched), 20 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -26 LUFS
• amb_night_harbour — water lake waves light gentle lap at boats on beach.flac (Freesound) by kyles, CC0 1.0; Crickets At Night - Raw sound + Wind singing in the mountain (Freesound, via house amb_night) by Defelozedd94 + felix.blume, CC0 1.0; R23-36-Water Against Wooden Boat.wav (Freesound) by craigsmith, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #637945_lake_lap_boats 0-52 s, highpass=f=80: poles=2, lowpass=f=2600: poles=2; amb_night.wav 0-20 s, -11 dB; #480838_water_wood_boat 0-24 s, highpass=f=90: poles=2, equalizer=f=126: t=q: w=5: g=-20, equalizer=f=252: t=q: w=5: g=-20, equalizer=f=378: t=q: w=5: g=-20, lowpass=f=2500: poles=2, -14 dB. night harbour: water against hulls and quay posts, far and soft (637945, low-passed) + crickets (house amb_night) + a faint hull creak (480838); 50 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -24 LUFS
• amb_nile_reeds — River with Reeds in Wind (Freesound) by The_25_Times, CC0 1.0; water lake waves light gentle lap at boats on beach.flac (Freesound) by kyles, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #808211_river_reeds_wind 40-92 s, highpass=f=260: poles=2, highpass=f=260: poles=2; #637945_lake_lap_boats 60-112 s, highpass=f=80: poles=2, lowpass=f=3000: poles=2, -8 dB. river reeds in late-day wind (808211, high-passed twice to remove mic rumble and a distant hum) + gentle river water (637945); 48 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -24 LUFS
• amb_now_old_cairo — AMBTown Alley in the Old Town, few people and air conditioning, Stockholm, Sweden (Freesound) by vhio, CC0 1.0; AMB CITY, DAWN, BACKYARD, DISTANT-TRAFFIC, BIRDS (Freesound, via house amb_city_dawn_distant) by tferrino, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #824369_alley_oldtown 0-62 s, highpass=f=120: poles=2, equalizer=f=2619: t=q: w=5: g=-20, equalizer=f=5238: t=q: w=5: g=-20; amb_city_dawn_distant.wav 0-20 s, -3 dB. present day, an old-town lane: footsteps on stone, faint far voices without words, a building hum (824369, no music/radio/chant/bells, judge-screened) + distant city traffic and birds (house amb_city_dawn_distant); 60 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -26 LUFS
• amb_now_quay — water lake waves light gentle lap at boats on beach.flac (Freesound) by kyles, CC0 1.0; 220201_RioParaguay_Boat_Morning.wav (Freesound) by blaukreuz, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #637945_lake_lap_boats 50-112 s, highpass=f=80: poles=2; #748186_rio_boat_morning 10-72 s, lowpass=f=450: poles=2, highpass=f=50: poles=2, -8 dB. present day, a fishing quay: water slapping hulls (637945) + a boat engine idling far off (748186, low-passed and quiet); 60 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -24 LUFS
• amb_paddy_evening — ambience ricefield at night (Freesound) by rakun_id123, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #770270_ricefield_night 2.5-62 s, highpass=f=100: poles=2. rice paddy at evening: frogs and insects (770270); 57 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -24 LUFS
• amb_palm_orchard_breeze — #423800 "Wind through Palm Trees.wav" by klangfabrik, CC0 1.0; #517526 "dove calling with out other side noise" by idreesbari, CC0 1.0. Edits: palm wind src 4.0-78.5 s, HPF 120 Hz, LPF ~4.2 kHz, -3 dB high shelf, -4 dB at 560 Hz; 72 s seamless loop (2.5 s crossfade) with slow loop-periodic ±4 dB swells that darken in the lulls; 3 laughing-dove phrases (src 0.60-1.75, 6.15-7.60, 17.50-18.90 s; band-limited 250 Hz-3 kHz, short diffuse echo) placed at 11.0 / 34.5 / 55.0 s; -24 LUFS. Made for fasting-monday-thursday (Madinah palm orchard, late morning)
• amb_palm_wind — #423800 "Wind through Palm Trees.wav" by klangfabrik, CC0 1.0. Edits: source 35-83 s; HPF 120 Hz (removes mic buffeting); 45 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -24 LUFS
• amb_predawn_room — #210091 "room small night" by Yuval, CC0 1.0. Edits: source 270-323 s (clean stretch, no footsteps); HPF 50 Hz, LPF 9 kHz; 50 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -26 LUFS
• amb_redsea_calm — water lake waves light gentle lap at boats on beach.flac (Freesound) by kyles, CC0 1.0; A light breeze, the rustle of reeds. The rustle of dry grass (Freesound, via house amb_jm_hollow_wind) by ReflektWave, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #637945_lake_lap_boats 0-50 s, highpass=f=80: poles=2; amb_jm_hollow_wind.wav 0-22 s, highpass=f=300: poles=2, -10 dB. calm water lapping (637945) + a light wind in a small sail (house amb_jm_hollow_wind); 45 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -24 LUFS
• amb_sahel_rain — rain medium on group with leaves soft splatty campground.flac (Freesound) by kyles, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #451154_rain_leaves_medium 0-62 s, highpass=f=200: poles=2, equalizer=f=117: t=q: w=5: g=-20, equalizer=f=234: t=q: w=5: g=-20. steady rain with drips on leaves and ground (451154); 60 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -24 LUFS
• amb_sea_sewn_ship — Sailboat Bow (Freesound) by myLoop, CC0 1.0; R23-36-Water Against Wooden Boat.wav (Freesound) by craigsmith, CC0 1.0; A light breeze, the rustle of reeds. The rustle of dry grass (Freesound, via house amb_jm_hollow_wind) by ReflektWave, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #852108_sail_bow 0-50 s, highpass=f=120: poles=2, lowpass=f=7000: poles=2; #480838_water_wood_boat 0-24 s, highpass=f=90: poles=2, equalizer=f=126: t=q: w=5: g=-20, equalizer=f=252: t=q: w=5: g=-20, equalizer=f=378: t=q: w=5: g=-20, -6 dB; amb_jm_hollow_wind.wav 0-22 s, highpass=f=300: poles=2, -12 dB. open sea on a sewn-plank ship: water on the hull and wind (852108) + wood creaking on the swell (480838) + a dry rustle for the palm-matting sail (house amb_jm_hollow_wind); 45 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -24 LUFS
• amb_tropic_afternoon — Jungle, Tropical birds and insects (Freesound) by myrinvp, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #423711_jungle_birds 0-40 s, highpass=f=100: poles=2. tropical afternoon: insects and forest birds (423711); 38 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -26 LUFS
• amb_volga_forest — Forest river 2 (Freesound) by haklberinko, CC0 1.0. Edits: layers: #533244_forest_river2 0-62 s, highpass=f=80: poles=2, lowpass=f=9000: poles=2. a northern forest river with birdsong (533244); 60 s seamless loop (2 s crossfade), -24 LUFS
• sfx_bone_tap — #640602 "Small_Wooden_Box_Hits.wav" by gokalp_gonen, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 26.38-26.75 s; left channel only (dual mono), HPF 100 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_camel_grunt — G12-05-Camel Grunt.wav (Freesound) by craigsmith, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 1.25-2.75 s; highpass=f=60: poles=2; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS. a camel grumble (far, used low)
• sfx_card_thud — #824385 "Softcover book hitting table" by nyxlitten, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 3.80-4.25 s; HPF 60 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_clay_knock — #513775 "putting coffee mug to table.wav" by lartti, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.70-1.15 s; HPF 60 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_cloth_drop — #844390 "Cloth flaps" by Maraboop, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.02-0.72 s (soft double flap); HPF 80 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_cloth_press — #854340 "smoothing apron - rustling fabric - handling canvas" by ponysparkleworld, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 8.97-9.50 s; HPF 60 Hz, LPF 18 kHz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_cloth_swish_1 — #391448 "Shirt Whoosh 1.wav" by saturdaysoundguy, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 6.70-7.40 s; HPF 80 Hz,FFT denoise 10 dB (floor -72); trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_cloth_swish_2 — #391448 "Shirt Whoosh 1.wav" by saturdaysoundguy, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 9.60-10.30 s; HPF 80 Hz,FFT denoise 10 dB (floor -72); trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_cloth_swish_3 — #320144 "Blanket Movement 6" by OwlStorm, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.00-1.16 s; HPF 80 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_drawer_run — open and close old wooden drawer (Freesound) by Garuda1982, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 5.00-6.00 s; highpass=f=60: poles=2, lowpass=f=2200: poles=2; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS. the drawer run: an old wooden drawer slides open and stops on a soft thud
• sfx_dream_shimmer_short — synthesized for this series: Same engine, 1.6 s dense sparkle sting.
• sfx_footsteps_run_dirt — #319225 "Running Dirt Tennis Shoes.wav" by worthahep88, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 5.40-9.60 s; HPF 60 Hz,FFT denoise 8 dB (floor -70); trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_gate_groan — Gate door drawbridge wooden creaky opens closes hinge.wav (Freesound) by WavJunction.com, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 2.95-4.95 s; highpass=f=80: poles=2; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS. a heavy timber gate groaning on its hinge
• sfx_glassine_lay — paper, thin, tracing, blueprint, rustle.wav (Freesound) by golovlev.sound, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.30-1.25 s; highpass=f=250: poles=2; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS. glassine lay: one crisp crackle (thin tracing paper pressed down)
• sfx_glassine_lift — paper, thin, tracing, blueprint, rustle.wav (Freesound) by golovlev.sound, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 4.10-4.80 s; highpass=f=300: poles=2; trim, fades, peak -3 dBFS. glassine lift: a softer crackle of the same paper
• sfx_jm_leather_thump — #435534 "Leather bag being dropped and picked up" by vintage2005, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.70-1.60 s (first drop; spoken slate at 13 s not used); HPF 40 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_jm_steps_sandals — #637558 "footsteps walking flip flops sandals dirt.flac" by kyles, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 1.75-5.35 s (6 steps); HPF 60 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_jm_wood_thunk — #669467 "SFX_wood_stone_floor_axe_handling_drop.wav" by EricsSoundschmiede, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.05-1.50 s; HPF 40 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_page_turn_1 — #136778 "Page Turn" by davidbain, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.00-1.98 s; HPF 80 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_page_turn_2 — #397548 "Page Turn 01" by LilMati, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.00-0.50 s; HPF 80 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_paper_rustle_1 — #181774 "rustling paper.wav" by keweldog, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.30-2.55 s; HPF 80 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_paper_rustle_2 — #181774 "rustling paper.wav" by keweldog, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 2.50-4.45 s; HPF 80 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_paper_rustle_3 — #449127 "Rustling Paper" by HarpyHarpHarp, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 1.45-2.15 s; HPF 80 Hz,FFT denoise 10 dB (floor -60); trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_paper_rustle_4 — #449127 "Rustling Paper" by HarpyHarpHarp, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 5.70-6.41 s; HPF 80 Hz,FFT denoise 10 dB (floor -60); trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_paper_rustle_5 — #211246 "PageRustle" by Tomoyo Ichijouji, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.10-1.90 s; HPF 80 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_paper_slide_1 — #464302 "PaperSlide.wav" by eyesonlegs, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.00-1.64 s; HPF 60 Hz,FFT denoise 10 dB (floor -55); trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_paper_slide_2 — #444431 "Sliding Envelope.wav" by MTJohnson, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.20-1.10 s; HPF 80 Hz; trim, fades, peak -3 dBFS
• sfx_paper_tear_1 — #272028 "Ripping Paper" by aldenroth2, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.00-1.96 s; HPF 60 Hz,FFT denoise 8 dB (floor -60); trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_paper_tear_2 — #342541 "Fast Paper Rip" by sgrowe, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.00-0.89 s; HPF 60 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_paper_tear_3 — #170311 "Tearing paper" by ludde44, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.20-1.52 s; HPF 60 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_pen_tick_1 — #85703 "Pencil_scibble.aif" (via house `sfx_pencil_scribble_2.wav`) by tmkappelt, CC0 1.0. Edits: one tick cut from sfx_pencil_scribble_2 at 0.545-0.785 s; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_pen_tick_2 — #85703 "Pencil_scibble.aif" (via house `sfx_pencil_scribble_2.wav`) by tmkappelt, CC0 1.0. Edits: one tick cut from sfx_pencil_scribble_2 at 1.245-1.505 s; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_pencil_scribble_1 — #257518 "Scribble_short.wav" by waldram, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.00-1.27 s; HPF 150 Hz,FFT denoise 12 dB (floor -50); trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_pencil_scribble_2 — #85703 "Pencil_scibble.aif" by tmkappelt, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.00-3.20 s; HPF 150 Hz,FFT denoise 12 dB (floor -62); trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_reed_mat_1 — Bamboo mat rustle / breaking (Freesound) by peqdavid5, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 1.90-2.85 s; highpass=f=200: poles=2; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS. reed mat rustle as it unrolls
• sfx_reed_mat_2 — Bamboo mat rustle / breaking (Freesound) by peqdavid5, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 16.00-16.95 s; highpass=f=200: poles=2; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS. reed mat rustle as it unrolls (variant)
• sfx_rope_creak — #231438 "hamp rope creaks" by 6polnic, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 6.64-7.38 s; HPF 90 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS (true peak about +0.3 dBTP)
• sfx_spool_creak — #506665 "Wood Creak Single V10" by Rudmer_Rotteveel, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.03-0.95 s; HPF 80 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_stamp_thump_1 — #448474 "es-stamp.wav" by eddies2000, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.95-1.65 s; HPF 40 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_thread_creak — #862995 "26.07.04- Creaky Playground Swing - Rope Friction 1" by Valerie-Vivegnis, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 24.50-25.05 s (one creak); HPF 300 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_thread_pull_1 — #646586 "Sewing cloth.wav" by heifabaisi, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 92.55-93.30 s; HPF 100 Hz,FFT denoise 10 dB (floor -60); trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_thread_pull_2 — #646586 "Sewing cloth.wav" by heifabaisi, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 29.15-30.10 s; HPF 100 Hz,FFT denoise 10 dB (floor -60); trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_tick — synthesized for this series: A short synthesized key click for typing in the Qaf app screen (made for this series). Non-instrumental.
• sfx_water_drip — Water Drip Free (Freesound) by AardsReal, CC0 1.0. Edits: source 0.0-0.72 s; highpass=f=120:poles=2; single water drip; 48k/16-bit
• sfx_water_drop — #174718 "Single Water Drop" by paespedro, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 0.00-0.46 s; HPF 120 Hz; trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS
• sfx_water_trickle_start — Small Creek Runs over Sand Bank (Freesound) by BenHarmSound, CC0 1.0. Edits: source 6.0-10.0 s; highpass=f=90:poles=2; a small creek running over a sand bank, 4 s, used as a trickle starting; 48k/16-bit
• sfx_whoosh_soft_synth — synthesized for this series: White noise through a time-varying log-Gaussian band-pass sweeping 300 Hz -> 2.2 kHz, swell envelope, slow L->R pan.
• sfx_wood_lid_knock — #475294 "Wooden Box: Open / Close 2 (Compilation)" by Sheyvan, CC0 1.0. Edits: cut 7.98-9.00 s; HPF 60 Hz, LPF 17 kHz (removes a 19 kHz whine); trim, fades, peak -1 dBFS